{"id":97383,"date":"2025-06-26T12:09:05","date_gmt":"2025-06-26T16:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iaff.org\/maladies-infectieuses\/maladies\/fievres-hemorragiques-virales\/"},"modified":"2026-06-12T10:33:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T14:33:03","slug":"fievres-hemorragiques-virales","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.iaff.org\/fr-ca\/maladies-infectieuses\/maladies\/fievres-hemorragiques-virales\/","title":{"rendered":"Fi\u00e8vres h\u00e9morragiques virales (Lassa, Marburg, Ebola, Crim\u00e9e-Congo et autres virus \u00e9mergents)"},"content":{"rendered":"<section\n\t class=\"secondary-hero align wp-block-acf-secondary-hero\" id=\"secondary-hero_block_74c571e3db1e8cc15e878393a282d17a\">\n\t\n<header\n\tclass=\"w-full u-bg-full-width px-[22px] md:ps-bleed md:pe-0 py-[60px] bg-smoke-5 text-black u-has-rivets u-rivets-dark\"\n\tdata-theme=\"gray\"\n>\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col !px-0 !max-w-[1440px] w-full lg:!ps-indent\">\n\t\t<div class=\"border-t-[6px] w-full my-0 flex flex-col md:flex-row gap-x-[62px] gap-y-[22px] border-red\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 md:py-[45px]\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"max-w-[600px] flex flex-col gap-[22px]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"has-[.u-halftone-shadow--dark]:mb-divider has-[.u-halftone-shadow--light]:mb-divider pt-[22px] md:pt-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"inline-flex text-heading-200 u-halftone-shadow--dark\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFi\u00e8vres h\u00e9morragiques virales\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-body-300 font-sans\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fi\u00e8vres h\u00e9morragiques de Lassa, de Marburg, d\u2019Ebola, de Crim\u00e9e-Congo (FHCC) et autres virus \u00e9mergents<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"order-first flex justify-start w-full pb-[22px]\">\n\t\t\t\t<div\n\tclass=\"wp-block-button is-style-tertiary text-smoke is-style-tertiary-back\"\n>\n\t\t\t<a\n\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/www.iaff.org\/fr-ca\/maladies-infectieuses\/maladies\/\"\n\t\t\tclass=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button group\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t<span\n\t\t\tclass=\"decoration-transparent underline underline-offset-2 group-hover:decoration-inherit group-focus-visible:decoration-inherit transition duration-hover\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\tMaladies infectieuses\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t<span\n\t\t\tclass=\"bg-inherit transition-colors duration-hover group-hover:bg-gold group-focus:bg-gold inline-flex rotate-180 order-first\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"21\" height=\"22\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 21 22\"><path stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M20 20.75L20 2.25L1.5 2.25L1.5 20.75L20 20.75Z\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\"\/><path stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"square\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M14.0883 11.5L6.66406 11.5\"\/><path stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"square\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M11.0723 7.75205L14.8363 11.5L11.0723 15.248\"\/><\/svg>\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<\/section>\n<section\n\t class=\"page-blocks iaff-page-blocks align wp-block-acf-page-blocks\" id=\"page-blocks_block_50217c7e5d54e85529c91d6df9bd5473\">\n\t<div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>Les fi\u00e8vres h\u00e9morragiques virales sont un groupe de maladies caus\u00e9es par plusieurs virus. Ces virus affectent plusieurs organes du corps en endommageant le syst\u00e8me vasculaire (vaisseaux sanguins). Les saignements ou les h\u00e9morragies caus\u00e9s par le virus ne mettent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas la vie en danger, mais les dommages aux organes du corps peuvent varier de l\u00e9gers \u00e0 mortels. Les virus responsables de ce type de maladie comprennent la fi\u00e8vre h\u00e9morragique de Lassa, de Marburg, d\u2019Ebola et de Crim\u00e9e-Congo (FHCC).   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment pouvez-vous l\u2019obtenir?<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>Ces fi\u00e8vres h\u00e9morragiques virales \u00e9mergentes sont pr\u00e9sum\u00e9es \u00eatre transmises par les animaux (zoonoses) et peuvent \u00eatre transmises aux humains par contact. Les humains infect\u00e9s peuvent se transmettre le virus par contact avec des objets ou du sang contamin\u00e9s. Le risque de contracter ces maladies est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement limit\u00e9 aux r\u00e9gions g\u00e9ographiques o\u00f9 le virus est pr\u00e9sent. Compte tenu des voyages \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, de rares cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la r\u00e9gion d\u2019accueil. Ces rares cas sont probablement la plus grande forme de menace professionnelle pour les pompiers.    <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>Dans le cas d\u2019Ebola, la maladie se transmet par contact avec les liquides corporels d\u2019une personne infect\u00e9e, malade ou d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e; elle ne se transmet pas par l\u2019air. Une personne infect\u00e9e n\u2019est contagieuse qu\u2019\u00e0 partir du moment o\u00f9 elle commence \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter des sympt\u00f4mes de la maladie. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Lassa<\/td><td>Associ\u00e9e aux rongeurs multimammif\u00e8res<\/td><td>Trouv\u00e9 en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marburg<\/td><td>Transmis par la chauve-souris frugivore \u00e9gyptienne<\/td><td>Trouv\u00e9 en Afrique<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ebola<\/td><td>Transmis par un animal inconnu, mais probablement des chauves-souris<\/td><td>Trouv\u00e9 en Afrique<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FHCC<\/td><td>Virus transmis par les tiques<\/td><td>Trouv\u00e9 en Afrique, en Asie, en Europe<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<section\n\t class=\"section-header mb-10 align wp-block-acf-section-header\" id=\"section-header_block_fc231701353209d4e92c7ac183e4ec8c\">\n\t<div class=\"\">\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between max-w-content gap-x-8 md:items-end flex-wrap\">\n\t\t<h2 class=\"text-heading-200 pb-[2px]\">\n\t\t\tSympt\u00f4mes\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"md:order-last w-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<hr class=\"h-[6px] text-red border-red bg-red w-full my-0\" role=\"presentation\"\/>\n\n\t<div class=\"h-divider w-full bg-halftone-divider bg-right\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>Le temps n\u00e9cessaire pour d\u00e9velopper des sympt\u00f4mes varie selon le virus, mais se situe entre 2 et 21 jours apr\u00e8s l\u2019exposition; en moyenne, les sympt\u00f4mes apparaissent 8 \u00e0 10 jours apr\u00e8s l\u2019exposition.<br\/>Les signes et sympt\u00f4mes de la fi\u00e8vre h\u00e9morragique virale varient selon le virus, mais comprennent :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sympt\u00f4mes initiaux de type grippal<div class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fi\u00e8vre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La fatigue<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Douleurs musculaires<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maux de t\u00eate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Perte d\u2019app\u00e9tit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sympt\u00f4mes gastro-intestinaux<div class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Naus\u00e9es et\/ou vomissements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Douleurs abdominales<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diarrh\u00e9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9lire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Saignements ou h\u00e9morragies inexpliqu\u00e9s  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Choc syst\u00e9mique<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9faillance d\u2019organe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La complication la plus courante de la fi\u00e8vre de Lassa est la surdit\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<section\n\t class=\"section-header mb-10 align wp-block-acf-section-header\" id=\"section-header_block_752e34752844756a1ee784a7922a31f5\">\n\t<div class=\"\">\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between max-w-content gap-x-8 md:items-end flex-wrap\">\n\t\t<h2 class=\"text-heading-200 pb-[2px]\">\n\t\t\tPr\u00e9vention\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"md:order-last w-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<hr class=\"h-[6px] text-red border-red bg-red w-full my-0\" role=\"presentation\"\/>\n\n\t<div class=\"h-divider w-full bg-halftone-divider bg-right\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>Aucun vaccin n\u2019existe actuellement pour pr\u00e9venir la fi\u00e8vre de Lassa, de Marburg, d\u2019Ebola ou la FHCC.<br\/>La pr\u00e9vention vise \u00e0 \u00e9viter le contact avec les esp\u00e8ces h\u00f4tes et \u00e0 emp\u00eacher la transmission d\u2019une personne \u00e0 l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00c9vitez tout contact physique \u00e9troit avec les personnes infect\u00e9es et leurs liquides corporels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prendre des pr\u00e9cautions contre les contacts et la transmission a\u00e9rienne jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que le profil de transmission de l\u2019infection particuli\u00e8re soit d\u00e9termin\u00e9; puis Pr\u00e9cautions contre les contacts et les gouttelettes<div class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hygi\u00e8ne des mains<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Barri\u00e8re de protection contre le sang et les liquides corporels (gants simples et blouse r\u00e9sistante aux liquides ou imperm\u00e9able, protection faciale ou oculaire avec masques, lunettes de protection ou \u00e9crans faciaux)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Traitement appropri\u00e9 des d\u00e9chets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utilisez des respirateurs N95 ou de niveau sup\u00e9rieur. L\u2019AIP (IAFF) recommande des respirateurs P100 pour tous les patients pr\u00e9sentant des sympt\u00f4mes respiratoires, comme la toux. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<section\n\t class=\"section-header mb-10 align wp-block-acf-section-header\" id=\"section-header_block_1e000c471f044ed8c45fc235ab1bd67a\">\n\t<div class=\"\">\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between max-w-content gap-x-8 md:items-end flex-wrap\">\n\t\t<h2 class=\"text-heading-200 pb-[2px]\">\n\t\t\tQue devez-vous faire si vous \u00eates expos\u00e9 \u00e0 la maladie ou si vous contractez la maladie?\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"md:order-last w-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<hr class=\"h-[6px] text-red border-red bg-red w-full my-0\" role=\"presentation\"\/>\n\n\t<div class=\"h-divider w-full bg-halftone-divider bg-right\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>Vous devriez consulter un m\u00e9decin imm\u00e9diatement si vous avez \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9 \u00e0 la maladie. Il n\u2019existe pas de traitement sp\u00e9cifique pour ces infections virales, mais les h\u00f4pitaux peuvent offrir des soins de soutien. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>L\u2019administration intraveineuse de liquides et d\u2019\u00e9lectrolytes peut \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9fique, en plus de m\u00e9dicaments qui traitent certains sympt\u00f4mes, comme la tension art\u00e9rielle, la r\u00e9duction des vomissements et la r\u00e9duction de la diarrh\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>Dans le cas d\u2019Ebola, deux traitements approuv\u00e9s par la FDA sont actuellement disponibles, mais uniquement pour l\u2019esp\u00e8ce <em>Orthoebolavirus zairense<\/em> d\u2019Ebola. Ces deux traitements sont <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/emergency-preparedness-and-response\/mcm-issues\/ebola#therapeutics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Inmazeb\u2122<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/news-events-human-drugs\/fda-approves-treatment-ebola-virus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ebanga\u2122<\/a>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<section\n\t class=\"section-header mb-10 align wp-block-acf-section-header\" id=\"section-header_block_46587ff7d5e8ddb15f121b79945a6047\">\n\t<div class=\"\">\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col md:flex-row justify-between max-w-content gap-x-8 md:items-end flex-wrap\">\n\t\t<h2 class=\"text-heading-200 pb-[2px]\">\n\t\t\tRessources suppl\u00e9mentaires sur Ebola\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"md:order-last w-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<hr class=\"h-[6px] text-red border-red bg-red w-full my-0\" role=\"presentation\"\/>\n\n\t<div class=\"h-divider w-full bg-halftone-divider bg-right\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>Information sur Ebola :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 : <a href=\"https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/018890fc-eb18-469d-b295-96ca77b99b34\/content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/018890fc-eb18-469d-b295-96ca77b99b34\/content<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ebola\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ebola\/about\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph \">\n<p>Information sur les SMU :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Directives sur l\u2019\u00e9quipement de protection individuelle : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers\/hcp\/guidance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers\/hcp\/guidance\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strat\u00e9gies des SMU pour Ebola : <a href=\"https:\/\/netec.org\/2022\/10\/19\/ems-strategies-for-ebola\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/netec.org\/2022\/10\/19\/ems-strategies-for-ebola\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Directives proc\u00e9durales des SMU pour les agents pathog\u00e8nes particuliers : <a href=\"https:\/\/netec.org\/2024\/03\/05\/ems-procedural-guidelines-for-special-pathogens\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/netec.org\/2024\/03\/05\/ems-procedural-guidelines-for-special-pathogens\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Guide des SMU sur les maladies infectieuses : <a href=\"https:\/\/files.asprtracie.hhs.gov\/documents\/aspr-tracie-transport-playbook-508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/files.asprtracie.hhs.gov\/documents\/aspr-tracie-transport-playbook-508.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-paragraph 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